Creation of a High‐fidelity,Low‐cost Pediatric Skull Fracture Ultrasound Phantom

Over the past decade, point‐of‐care ultrasound has become a common tool used for both procedures and diagnosis. Developing high‐fidelity phantoms is critical for training in new and novel point‐of‐care ultrasound applications. Detecting skull fractures on ultrasound imaging in the younger‐than‐2‐year‐old patient is an emerging area of point‐of‐care ultrasound research. Identifying a skull fracture on ultrasound imaging in this age group requires knowledge of the appearance and location of sutures to distinguish them from fractures. There are currently no commercially available pediatric skull fracture models. We outline a novel approach to building a cost‐effective, simple, high‐fidelity pediatric skull fracture phantom to meet a unique training requirement.     

不同参数督脉走罐对亚健康人体背部局部皮肤血流量影响的初步观察

[目的]通过观察不同参数督脉走罐对亚健康人体背部局部皮肤血流量影响及规律的变化,探讨走罐对机体阳气的影响。[方法]对20名亚健康成年人分别进行静息空白观察,以及罐压为-0.01~-0.02 MPa,走罐时间为5 min,罐压为-0.02~-0.03 MPa,走罐时间为5 min,罐压为-0.02~-0.03 MPa,走罐时间为3 min的督脉走罐,应用激光散斑血流监测视频系统监测上述不同干预方法对亚健康人体大椎穴、身柱穴及大椎与身柱连线的中点,在走罐后即刻、5、10、15、20、25、30 min穴区局部皮肤血流量的变化。[结果]走罐后皮肤局部血流量升高(P<0.05),随时间延长血流量逐渐降低。不同参数督脉走罐对局部血流量的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但压力较大或刺激时间较长时,血流量的变化反而较小。3个观察点在静息状态下血流量随时间变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但相同压力刺激时大椎穴与身柱穴从走罐后15 min起,血流量存在区别,且走罐后大椎穴变化幅度大,身柱穴维持高峰时间长。[结论]1)不同的走罐方法对督脉阳气的调节是不同的。2)走罐后皮肤局部血流量增加,机体阳气功能增强。3)穴位具有特异性。     

中国针灸腧穴与尼泊尔传统医学生命点的对比研究

中国和尼泊尔的传统医学理论体系都有悠久的历史, 且两者的治疗手段都源自相同的哲学和理论基础。在使用自然疗法治疗疾病的过程中, 两种医疗体系均提出了人体的重要位置点的理论, 即中医的经络腧穴理论和尼泊尔传统医学中的生命点理论。初步将中国针灸腧穴以及尼泊尔传统医学中的生命点的进行对比研究, 为今后两者的结合应用提供依据。     

穴位注射、针刺结合康复训练对痉挛型小儿脑瘫的临床观察

目的：观察研究穴位注射、针刺结合康复训练对痉挛型小儿脑瘫的临床效果。方法选取2009年7月—2013年7月该院收治并确诊的84例痉挛性小儿脑瘫患儿作为研究对象,并随机分为观察组和对照组各42例。对照组患儿进行传统康复训练,观察组患儿在对照组基础上结合穴位注射、针刺治疗,6个月后比较临床疗效。结果观察组患儿总有效率为92.86%,明显高于对照组的57.14%的有效率,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患儿治疗后的关节活动度、痉挛程度、以及步行能力相对于对照组均有显著疗效（P＜0.05）。结论穴位注射、针刺结合康复训练能有效改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿关节活动度、减少患儿痉挛发作,且增强患儿的步行能力,疗效显著。     

黄芪足三里穴位注射治疗急性胰腺炎并发肠麻痹的临床随机对照研究

目的 评价黄芪足三里穴位注射治疗急性胰腺炎并发肠麻痹的疗效.方法 204例符合纳入标准的急性胰腺炎患者按随机数字表分为A、B和C组.A组患者给予禁食、胃肠减压、抑制胰酶活性药物、抗感染、营养支持、中药汤剂管喂及灌肠等基础治疗.B组在基础治疗上加用生理盐水穴位注射;C组在基础治疗上加用黄芪注射液穴位注射.比较3组患者肠道功能恢复、治疗总有效率、住院时间、中转手术率和死亡率等情况.结果 C组肛门排气时间和排便时间以及肠鸣音恢复时间与A、B两组比较均缩短,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).C组总有效率高于A、B组,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).C组住院时间较A、B组短,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).C组的中转手术率、多器官衰竭发生率和死亡率均低于A、B组,但组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 黄芪足三里穴位注射治疗胰腺炎能缩短患者的肛门排气时间、肛门排便时间及肠鸣音恢复时间,促进肠道功能的恢复,改善肠麻痹;能提高胰腺炎治疗的总体有效率,缩短患者住院时间.     

A three‐dimensional point process model for the spatial distribution of disease occurrence in relation to an exposure source

We study methods for how to include the spatial distribution of tumours when investigating the relation between brain tumours and the exposure from radio frequency electromagnetic fields caused by mobile phone use. Our suggested point process model is adapted from studies investigating spatial aggregation of a disease around a source of potential hazard in environmental epidemiology, where now the source is the preferred ear of each phone user. In this context, the spatial distribution is a distribution over a sample of patients rather than over multiple disease cases within one geographical area. We show how the distance relation between tumour and phone can be modelled nonparametrically and, with various parametric functions, how covariates can be included in the model and how to test for the effect of distance. To illustrate the models, we apply them to a subset of the data from the Interphone Study, a large multinational case‐control study on the association between brain tumours and mobile phone use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal survival time‐related cut‐point with censored data

In biomedical research and practice, continuous biomarkers are often used for diagnosis and prognosis, with a cut‐point being established on the measurement to aid binary classification. When survival time is examined for the purposes of disease prognostication and is found to be related to the baseline measure of a biomarker, employing a single cut‐point on the biomarker may not be very informative. Using survival time‐dependent sensitivity and specificity, we extend a concordance probability‐based objective function to select survival time‐related cut‐points. To estimate the objective function with censored survival data, we adopt a non‐parametric procedure for time‐dependent receiver operational characteristics curves, which uses nearest neighbor estimation techniques. In a simulation study, the proposed method, when used to select a cut‐point to optimally predict survival at a given time within a specified range, yields satisfactory results. We apply the procedure to estimate survival time‐dependent cut‐point on the prognostic biomarker of serum bilirubin among patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

婴幼儿心力衰竭血浆氨基末端B型利钠肽前体检测及诊断截断点的探讨

目的:对婴幼儿心力衰竭血浆氨基末端B型利钠肽前体检测(NT-proBNP)的价值及诊断截断点进行探讨,为临床诊断提供指导.方法:选取2012年6月～2014年6月间佛山市顺德区妇幼保健院诊治的心力衰竭患者及体检的健康人员各76例为研究对象,分为观察和对照组.所有研究对象行NT-proBNP及心脏射血指数(LVEF)检测,并进行组间比较.观察组患者采用改良Ross标准进行评价,并按照分级对NT-proBNP结果进行比较.同时采用ROC曲线对观察组研究对象检测的敏感性、特异性及诊断截断点予以分析,并就婴幼儿及成人进行组间比较及数据分析.结果:观察者组研究对象中成年人、婴幼儿及平均NT-proBNP含量分别为(1 325.5±148.8)、(3 106.4±593.9)、(2 548.7±368.2)ng/L,均高于对照组(P＜0.05);对两组研究对象的NT-proBNP及LVEF进行组间比较,均具有统计学差异(P＜0.05);观察组在轻、中、重3个级别的NT proBNP含量比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05);组内按年龄组比较,婴幼儿NT-proBNP含量高于成年,且具有统计学差异(P＜0.05);根据ROC曲线分析得出婴幼儿心衰阳性的NT-proBNP参考指标为500ng/L.结论:血浆氨基末端B型利钠肽前体检测在心力衰竭诊断中具有重要的价值,且婴幼儿与成人患者的诊断截断点存在差异,可以500 ng/L作为婴幼儿心衰诊断的参考值.     

穴位按摩联合康复训练对产后盆底肌力改变的影响

目的：采用常规康复训练与足部穴位按摩相结合的治疗方案在产后早期对初产妇进行康复治疗,探讨中医参与产妇产后盆底肌力康复的临床疗效。方法将400例产后纤维肌力异常的产妇随机分为治疗组200例,对照组200例。对照组进行常规的康复治疗法（Kegel 训练法）,治疗组采用 Kegel 训练并配合穴位按摩进行盘底肌力的康复治疗,通过对2组肌电压及自身满意度的统计,总结临床疗效。结果在经过康复治疗后,所有产妇Ⅰ、Ⅱ类型肌纤维肌电压均得到提升,与治疗前相比具有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）,且治疗组与对照组相比提升更高,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;整体满意率对照组达80.5％,治疗组达90.0％,2组比较,P ＜0.05。结论穴位按摩联合康复训练能帮助产妇提高Ⅰ、Ⅱ类型肌纤维的肌电压,对产妇盆底肌力功能的康复具有较好的疗效。     

承山穴按压联合针灸治疗急性腰扭伤

目的 观察承山穴按压联合针灸治疗急性腰扭伤的临床疗效.方法 选取收治的急性腰扭伤患者100例,随机分为观察组与对照组,各50例,观察组采用承山穴按压联合针刺眉间3穴治疗,对照组仅采用常规针刺法治疗,对比2组治疗前及治疗1疗程后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、腰痛功能障碍评分(RDQ)、腰椎活动度(ROM)变化情况及临床疗效.结果 2组治疗后各项指标较治疗前显著改善(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后各项指标改善显著优于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为100％,对照组为86.0％(P＜0.05);且观察组1次治愈率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 承山穴按压联合针灸可有效缓解急性腰扭伤患者临床疼痛症状,改善患者活动功能,是治疗急性腰扭伤的有效治疗方案.